10gR2中RAC环境中手工创建实例和监听（Linux/Unix）

通常情况下使用DBCA和NETCA在RAC环境中创建和添加实例和监听比较方便，但是有些情况下无法使用图形界面，这里介绍一下手工创建实例和监听的步骤：

1.创建一份启动数据库用的init.ora文件也就是实例

初始化文件需要创建在目录$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下

$cat init.ora
control_files=’+DATA/TEST/CONTROLFILE/control01.ctl’
*.audit_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/adump’
*.background_dump_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/bdump’
*.compatible=’10.2.0.1.0′
*.core_dump_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/cdump’
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest=’+DATA’
*.db_domain=”
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name=’TEST’
*.db_recovery_file_dest=’+DATA’
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
*.sga_target = 250M
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_checkpoints_to_alert=TRUE
*.pga_aggregate_target=100M
*.processes=500
*.remote_listener=’LISTENERS_TEST’
*.remote_login_passwordfile=’exclusive’
*.sessions=200
*.undo_management=’AUTO’
*.user_dump_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/TEST/udump’
TEST1.instance_name = TEST1

2.创建密码文件：

密码文件需要创建在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwTEST1 password=oracle entries=5

also in node rac2 machine,

[oracle@rac2 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwTEST2 password=oracle entries=5

add a entries in /etc/oratab file

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ vi /etc/oratab
TEST1:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N

also in node rac2 /etc/oratab file
TEST2:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N

3.配置数据库监听：

在两个节点的监听文件($ORACLE_HOME/admin/listener.ora)里分别配置如下监听信息：

SID_LIST_LISTENER_TEST =

(SID_LIST =

   (SID_DESC =

     (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)

     (PROGRAM = extproc)

   ))

LISTENER_TEST =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

   (DESCRIPTION =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1523))

   ))

在两个节点的连接串文件($ORACLE_HOME/admin/tnsnames.ora .ora)里分别配置如下监听信息：

TEST =
   (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.localdomain)(PORT = 1523))
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.localdomain)(PORT = 1523))
   (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
   (CONNECT_DATA =
   (SERVER = DEDICATED)
   (SERVICE_NAME = TEST)
   )
   )
TEST2 =
   (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
   (CONNECT_DATA =
   (SERVER = DEDICATED)
   (SERVICE_NAME = TEST)
   (INSTANCE_NAME = TEST2)
   )
   )

TEST1 =
   (DESCRIPTION =
   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip.localdomain)(PORT = 1521))
   (CONNECT_DATA =
   (SERVER = DEDICATED)
   (SERVICE_NAME = TEST)
   (INSTANCE_NAME = TEST1)
   )
   )

4.创建实例

4.1.创建第一个实例

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ env|grep ORACLE_SID
   ORACLE_SID =TEST1
   [oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’

    SQL> startup nomount
   ORACLE instance started.

   Total System Global Area 264241152 bytes
   Fixed Size                  1218868 bytes
   Variable Size              88082124 bytes
   Database Buffers          171966464 bytes
   Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

4.2.创建数据库：

CREATE DATABASE TEST
   MAXINSTANCES 8
   MAXLOGHISTORY 100
   MAXLOGFILES 64
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
   MAXDATAFILES 150
   DATAFILE SIZE 300M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE 1024M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   SYSAUX DATAFILE SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE 800M
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 1000M
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 1000M
   LOGFILE
   GROUP 1 SIZE 50M,
   GROUP 2 SIZE 50M,
   GROUP 3 SIZE 50M
   /

SQL> @/home/oracle/Desktop/create.sql

Database created.

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE SIZE 5M;

Tablespace created.

SQL> alter database default tablespace users;

Database altered.

4.3.把单实例切换成RAC实例，有以下基本步骤需要完成：

4.3.1.创建 initTEST1.ora并且加入以下参数，同时包含initTEST.ora的内容

*.cluster_database_instances=2
   *.cluster_database=true
   TEST1.instance_number=1
   TEST2.instance_number=2
   TEST2.thread=2
   TEST1.thread=1
   *.undo_management=’AUTO’
   TEST1.undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBS1′
   TEST2.undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBS2′
   TEST1.instance_name = TEST1
   TEST1.instance_name = TEST2

4.3.2 创建第二个实例需要的对象：

SQL> CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS2 DATAFILE SIZE 200M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 2 GROUP 4 SIZE 50M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 2 GROUP 5 SIZE 50M, GROUP 6 SIZE 50M;

Database altered.

4.4. 切换成RAC并重启实例

SQL> SHUT IMMEDIATE
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$CONTROLFILE;
NAME
——————————————————————————–
+DATA/TEST/controlfile/control01.ctl

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE PUBLIC THREAD 2;

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER CLUSTER_DATABASE;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
———————————— ———– ——————————
cluster_database                     boolean     TRUE
cluster_database_instances           integer     2
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE PUBLIC THREAD 2;

Database altered.

SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM gv$instance;

   INSTANCE_NAME
   —————-
   TEST1
   TEST2

   SQL> archive log list;
   Database log mode              No Archive Mode
   Automatic archival             Disabled
   Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
   Oldest online log sequence     1
   Current log sequence           1
   SQL>

   [oracle@rac2 ~]$ . oraenv
   ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? TEST2
   [oracle@rac2 ~]$ dbhome
   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
   [oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’

   SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 – Production on Fri Jul 23 12:17:38 2010

   Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

   Connected to an idle instance.

   SQL> startup mount
   ORACLE instance started.

   Total System Global Area 264241152 bytes
   Fixed Size                  1218868 bytes
   Variable Size              88082124 bytes
   Database Buffers          171966464 bytes
   Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
   ORA-01618: redo thread 2 is not enabled – cannot mount

   SQL> alter database mount;

   Database altered.

   SQL> select instance_name from gv$instance;

   INSTANCE_NAME
   —————-
   TEST1
   TEST2

   SQL>

4.5.在共享的存储上创建spfile

SQL> create spfile=’+DATA/TEST/spfileTEST.ora’ from pfile;

File created.

此时，在alert日志里我们会看到 CLUSTER_DATABASE=TRUE 的信息，说明我们已经把单实例切换成了RAC实例；

5.运行创建相关数据字典等信息的脚本：

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catclust.sql
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

6.关闭实例，并把实例信息注册到OCR里，由Cluster对实例进行管理：

[oracle@rac1 bdump]$ cd /u01/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ ./srvctl add database -d TEST -o $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ ./srvctl add instance -d TEST -i TEST1 -n rac1
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ ./srvctl add instance -d TEST -i TEST2 -n rac2
[oracle@rac1 bin]$ ./srvctl start database -d TEST
[oracle@rac1 bin]$

   [root@rac2 bin]# ./crs_stat -t
   Name           Type           Target    State     Host
   ————————————————————
   ora….O1.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
   ora….O2.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
   ora.TEST.db    application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
   ora.jay.db     application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
   ora….y1.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
   ora….y2.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
   ora….SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
   ora….C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
   ora.rac1.gsd   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
   ora.rac1.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
   ora.rac1.vip   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
   ora….SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
   ora….C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
   ora.rac2.gsd   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
   ora.rac2.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
   ora.rac2.vip   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
   [root@rac2 bin]#
=====================================================

7.最后我们需要把监听也注册到OCR中进行自动管理：

7.1.查看您的监听配置信息（$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora），两个节点应该都进行了配置，我们以节点1为例：

SID_LIST_LISTENER_TEST =
(SID_LIST =
   (SID_DESC =
     (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
     (PROGRAM = extproc)
   ))

LISTENER_TEST =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1523))
   ))

7.2.创建监听资源的profile文件：

[oracle@rac1 public]$ cat $CRS_HOME/crs/public/ora.rac1.LISTENER_TEST.lsnr.cap
   NAME=ora.rac1.LISTENER_TEST.lsnr
   TYPE=application
   ACTION_SCRIPT=/u01/app/oracle/bin/racgwrap
   CHECK_INTERVAL=600
   ACTIVE_PLACEMENT=1
   DESCRIPTION=CRS application for listener on rac1
   HOSTING_MEMBERS=rac1
   PLACEMENT=favored
   REQUIRED_RESOURCES=ora.rac1.vip

7.3.把监听资源注册到OCR

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crs_register ora.rac1.LISTENER_TEST.lsnr

Test to stop and start it with srvctl commands :

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start listener -n rac1 -l listener_test

Check the status of the registered resource :

[oracle@rac1 public]$ crs_stat -t ora.rac1.LISTENER_TEST.lsnr
Name Type Target State Host
————————————————————
ora….ST.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

7.4.另外一个节点重复以上操作，配置rac2上的监听。

10gR2中RAC环境中手工创建实例和监听（Linux/Unix）

Henry Liu

Support

11gR2 静默安装RAC 集群和数据库软件

SLES12 SP2上遇到ORA-12518: TNS:listener could not hand off client connection错误

10gR2中RAC环境中手工创建实例和监听（Linux/Unix）

Authors

Henry Liu

Support

11gR2 静默安装RAC 集群和数据库软件

SLES12 SP2上遇到ORA-12518: TNS:listener could not hand off client connection错误