I was running into ESB Invocation failures and was not able to invoke ESB processes from BPEL/ESB processes with the following error
"java.security.PrivilegedActionException: javax.xml.soap.SOAPException"
It was hard to find the root cause of this error as we were not using any soap header security mechanism as the error might suggest or imply.
If you are getting this exception and are not using any security mechanism, try to check for any unknown / special characters in the input message payload. In my case that was causing it to fail with the above error message, once I got rid of the special characters this error went away.